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Hi Máté,
Great - yeah in bar 18 there's an imperfect cadence. Well done about bars 19-20, that is right, the G is maintained in the bass, preventing a sense of cadence. Holding a bass note on like is called having a pedal, over which the harmonies can change (here resulting in a 6/4) chord. This bass pedal creates a sense of tension, (the music feels like it needs to go somewhere), and then we move into G major briefly, only to return to C shortly afterwards.
What I want you to notice here is how the insertion of the F# immediately suggests a feeling of modulation in this instance.
Look at the next example however (attached). What is going on at the cadences? Is there a modulation? (I've attached a midi for you to listen to)
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