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Well if Bach inverts a melody it could be said he is using a mathematical process. However, in many circumstances a melodic inversion simply will not sound correct within the laws of Bachian harmony. With serialism however, there is no right or wrong, an inversion would not be a result of a composers calculations and his ear. It is a huge leap of faith to even begin to accept any of the resulting harmonies as being aurally intentional. With Bach, this is a very different story.
With Schoenbergs tonal pieces, you can hear that more or less every note was musically intentional, although of course there will be some exceptions with every composition, unless it is written solely by ear. If I took a tonal piece, and transposed the melody up a semi-tone we would know it to be wrong. If I did this with a serialist piece, would we really know? (assuming we hadn't heard it before)
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