To your question regarding the waltz: A bare-bones description would be: A dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time signature, phrases with a length of multiples of four (so 8 bars, 12 bars, …) and a bass line that emphasises the first beat, usually by using fuller chords and the utilising the lowest note in the bar. On the second and third beat, usually the same chord is used. If you hear something like oom-pah-pah from the bass, you are probably doing it right. Also, in a simple waltz, the harmony doesn'
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