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My Sonata Experiment: The Sonata al Reverso - What form should I use for the First Movement?


caters

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I had this idea crop up while composing a Presto for a sonata that I never finished. Basically, the idea of the Sonata al Reverso is that the Sonata is in reverse. Not in the literal sense of being the Retrograde, but rather in the movement structure. The wide variety of movement structures I have seen for Sonatas from 2 to 6 movements made me wonder if anybody ever did a Sonata al Reverso. The only al Reverso I have found thus far is the Minuet al Reverso in Haydn's Symphony no. 47, where the phrases are repeated in reverse. While that's interesting, it's not what I was wondering about or what I meant by Sonata al Reverso. Despite all the variety, I haven't found an example of a Sonata al Reverso, so I assume it's very rare, if it has been composed at all, and thus I have a lot of leeway, more than with your average Sonata(for which I still have a lot of leeway). These are the Sonata Structures I have seen:

2 Movement Sonata:

  • Slow - Fast
  • Fast - Slow
  • Essentially 2 fast movements back to back, like an Allegro and an Allegretto or something like that

3 Movement Sonata:

  • Allegro - Andante - Allegro -> Typical Sonata Structure in for example Mozart
  • Slow - Minuet - Allegro or Presto -> Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven and String Duo no. 1 by Haydn both have this structure

4 Movement Sonata:

  • Allegro - Slow - Minuet or Scherzo - Allegro or Presto -> Typical
  • Slow - Allegro - Minuet or Scherzo - Allegro or Presto -> ex. Haydn's Symphony no. 49 in F minor
  • Allegro - Scherzo - Slow - Allegro or Presto -> Beethoven's Ninth is one of the first examples and it shows up much more often in Brahms and Bruckner

5 Movement Sonata:

  • Allegro - Slow I - Minuet - Slow II - Allegro or Presto
  • Allegro - Slow - Scherzo - Allegro - Additional Allegro -> ex. Pastoral Symphony by Beethoven

6 Movement Sonata:

  • Allegro - Slow I - Minuet I - Slow II - Minuet II - Allegro -> ex. Mozart's Divertimento in Eb for String Trio

That's a lot of Sonata structures, but no Sonata al Reverso.

My Thoughts on the Movement Structure

So, since I wanted to do a Sonata al Reverso, I had to take one of the typical Sonata structures and reverse it. I toyed around with the 3 movement structure of Allegro - Andante - Allegro, but I figured it wouldn't really sound much like a Sonata al Reverso, at least not as much as if I took the 4 movement structure and reversed it. Granted, having a Rondo first movement would give some sense that the Sonata has been reversed, but I thought the 3 movement structure wouldn't be enough, even with the Rondo first movement. Maybe I will find out that the 3 movement structure works perfectly well for a Sonata al Reverso, but for my first Sonata al Reverso, I decided to take the 4 movement structure and reverse that.

In a 4 movement Sonata or any Sonata with 3 or more movements really, the last movement can be in one of 2 main forms and 1 hybrid form, making 3 forms altogether. Those are:

  • Sonata Form just like the First Movement -> This becomes very common in Beethoven and beyond, almost the default for a 4 movement sonata, although Mozart has a few examples, like his Divertimento in D which uses a Continuous Sonata Form for the Presto(which is just a Sonata Form without a clear line between First and Second Themes)
  • Rondo Form, simple or more complex -> Haydn and Mozart both typically have Rondo finales to their Sonatas, 4 movements or 3
  • Sonata-Rondo Form -> You start to see it a bit in Mozart as well as a sort of intermediary between a true Sonata-Rondo and a simple Rondo(K 333 has the intermediary form, with some new material before the development of the A and B themes), but it really becomes prominent in Beethoven and beyond

There was 1 problem I saw with the Sonata Form option for a Sonata al Reverso, it wouldn't really sound like a Sonata al Reverso, even if I did a tempo scheme of Presto - Moderato - Andante - Allegro or something similar to that(I don't commonly see a Presto first movement which is why I mention the Presto first tempo scheme). It would just sound like I switched around the Minuet and Trio or Scherzo and Trio and the slow movement, which is relatively common in Romantic Era sonatas. To some extent, I felt the same thing held true for the Sonata-Rondo Form, but maybe a bit less so because of the retransitions to the main theme and transitions to the episodes. So in my eyes, the only first movement that would really work for a Sonata al Reverso in theory and sound like a Sonata al Reverso in practice is the Rondo without any sort of hybridization with Sonata Form. Then the Sonata Form finale after the second movement Minuet or Scherzo and the third slow movement would make it sound like you just heard a Sonata played in the reverse order, which is exactly my intentions with the Sonata al Reverso.

However, something's telling me that I'll probably be told to do whatever of the 3 forms I want and not to just stick to the Rondo because it would be the most obvious "al Reverso". The thing is, if I go for the full on Sonata Form, would it really sound like the Sonata has been reversed at all, even if I make the first movement Presto? I don't think so.

So based on all this thought I have had about the form of the first movement of my "Sonata al Reverso", do you agree with me that the Rondo is the best option for making it sound like the Sonata is in reverse? Or do you think the Sonata-Rondo would be better as it gives me both the development of a Sonata Form movement and the repetition of the main theme so characteristic of a Rondo? Or do you think starting with a Presto first movement would be enough to give the sense that the Sonata is in reverse, even with full on Sonata Form in both the first and last movements?

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